By A. A. M. Sayigh
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_IQ_ _ absorbed solar energy / incident solar energy _[r__ / __R__ Rb reflected solar energy incident solar energy radiation from material radiation from blackbody 2 MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS to— 35 — 09 08 ui °7 o Its transmission characteristics are shown in Fig. 12 (Dietz, 1969). Depending on composition, transmittance is high or low in the ultraviolet region. Transmittance is high (approximately 90%) in the visible region. 8 /Am, corresponding to the low-intensity end of the solar spectrum. 800 (nm) FIG. 12 Spectral transmittance of polymethylmethacrylate (Dietz, 1969). 2 MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS 29 Like the best glass, this material therefore exhibits high transparence to solar energy. 50) of PMMA is similar to that of glass. J ^ ^ . 30 2 1 L 3 1 4 ^ 5 ^ ^ 6 O P T I C A L A I R MASS FIG. 15 The intensity of the direct beam for a given solar altitude. 1 THE SOLAR RADIATION SPECTRUM AND ITS UTILIZATION 15 slope may be calculated assuming the isotropy of scattered radiation. The experimental values of total radiation E( and E0 on cloudless days show a straight line, but this line differs from the ideal by having a slope less than unity and not passing through the point (0, 0). Numerous experimental readings have led to the relationship (§- - cos b) ^ - £ = Ύψ(£) = C + M cos Z \E0 / sin b (20) where C = ψ(Ε) when cos Z = 0, and M is the slope of the characteristic line.