By Peter Haase
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SHOIN (D) description logic, a decidable logic For SHOIN (D), practical reasoning algorithms are known, and increasingly more tools support this or slightly less expressive languages. • OWL Lite corresponds to the less expressive SHIF (D) description logic. Its complexity is known to be E XP T IME , which means that reasoning with OWL Lite is still intractable. However, the restricted expressiveness makes OWL Lite conceptually easier to grasp and thus interesting for applications that require a light-weight ontology language.
Of course, there may also be heterogeneity on additional dimensions that require integration on a system, process and application level. However, these aspects are beyond the focus of this work. 2 Dynamics The second common characteristic shared by distributed information systems is that of dynamics: distributed information systems are subject to continuous change and evolution. Changes may occur for a number of different reasons. For an in-depth discussion of these reasons we recall the de nition of an information system: An information system is a system that manages facts or data about some domain for a speci c purpose.
Speci cally, description logic axioms are restricted to a tree-structure that disallows to model rule-like 38 3. Ontologies axioms commonly needed for complex data integration tasks that involve queries, views and transformations. This situation has lead to several proposals for the combination of ontology languages such as OWL with rule-based languages, which are currently controversially discussed [W3C05]. Just recently the W3C has chartered a working group 2 for the de nition of a standardized Rule Interchange Format (RIF) .