By R. Harrison, N. D. Mortimer, O. B. Smarason
Up to now all books on geothermics have emphasised its use for producing electrical energy, with purposes of reduce grade assets for direct heating meriting just a short bankruptcy. This ebook brings jointly learn from various clinical journals and 'grey' literature to provide the 1st entire textual content on geothermal heating. Economics shape a major a part of the e-book. It presents a step-by-step research of a few of the ways that thermal waters can be utilized to supply area heating and of the benefits and drawbacks of other methods. the ultimate part of the booklet offers case experiences of 31 geothermal heating schemes in France, united states and Iceland.
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Extra resources for Geothermal Heating. A Handbook of Engineering Economics
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Second, summation of the time durations gives the length of the heating season and, finally, the area under the histogram is equal to the total amount of heat required during the heating season - the heat load. It should be noted that, as the size of thermal power interval, ΔΡ, is reduced, the histogram tends towards a continuous variation which is referred to as a load duration curve. 2b and this is the form that is usually used. 3 Heat demand and climate Because of the form of the relationship between external temperature and heat demand, there is a close relationship between the durations of thermal power levels and the durations of the corresponding external temperatures.
An approximate method of analysing these effects can be developed. 22) external temperature at some earlier time t' (°C) characteristic time lag produced by the fabric (hours) is a factor which takes account of the reduction in the amplitude of thermal fluctuations caused by the fabric The thermal mass of a section of building fabric is the mass of the section multiplied by its specific heat capacity. PATTERNS OF HEAT DEMAND 45 Clearly the magnitudes of the time lag, t -1\ and the amplitude factor, L, both affect the relationship between external temperature duration statistics and demand intensity duration statistics.
Fluid Engineering. C. ,1983. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vols. A. C. Geothermal Energy Research and Development, Florence, Italy, 27-30 April 1989, Klüver Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ' 1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy: International Volume' Stone, C. A. C. Geothermal Energy Research, Strasbourg, France, 4 - 6 March 1980. 1 General considerations The size of the connected heat load and the pattern of the variation of its power levels throughout the heating season are of basic importance in determining the energy and financial savings produced by the geothermal fluid in any particular application.