By Miroslav Pecujlic, Gregory Blue, Anouar Abdel-Malek
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In his keynote address entitled Le necessaire et le possible dans la formation du mondial, Dr Henri Lefebvre tried to clarify some basic ideas about the global dimensions of the world in which we live by focusing particularly on the relationship between the new informational technologies and our joint participation in the world as a whole. By way of introduction, Dr Lefebvre pointed out that, while many of our notions about the world as such remain ill-defined, it is nevertheless clear that this world cannot itself be depicted with scientific objectivity or exactitude and certainly not according to a fixed model, that it should be understood as a process rather than as an object or thing, although even the term 'process' implies a predetermined finality that may not be at all certain.
Despite the variety of conditions facing different peoples around the globe, despite consequent differences in strategies and tactics, it seems clear that Drs Pecujlic and Lefebvre are correct in stressing that science and technology in general become thoroughly liberating forces only when they are the objects of social and political struggles for democracy. First and foremost among such struggles today, however, are those for the liberation of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America; and it is within the perspective of this priority that any technology, whether heavy or light - and however 'appropriate' to the maintenance of other interests - must be correctly evaluated.
Based at times on objective conflicts of interests, at times on diversity of experience and at others simply on differences in approach and expression, there were a number of disputes. One of these concerned the idea of 'appropriate technology'. Elaborating on a number of themes that had been introduced by Dr Tornovic, and emphasising the implications of demographic tendencies, Dr Macura argued that the technology necessary to meet the growing needs ofthe population of the Third World must be appropriate, in the sense of being inexpensive, labour rather than capital-intensive, energysaving rather than energy-wasting, and egalitarian in terms of employment opportunities and satisfaction of basic needs; the Chinese experience was cited as quite positive in this regard, although not entirely so.