By Edward L. Shaughnessy
Explores the rewriting of early chinese language texts within the wake of latest archaeological evidence.
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41 40. The Guodian Laozi, 195. 41. There is also an interesting problem in the second phrase of the sentence, the variorum between the jizi 季子 of the manuscript and the xiao ci 孝慈 of the received text. Most scholars have assumed that ji 季 is a graphic error for xiao 孝, and that zi/*tsjəʔ 子 is a phonetic loan for ci/*tsjə 慈, such that the reading of the received text is “correct” here; see, for instance, Gao Ming, “Some Observations concerning the Transcription and Punctuation of the Guodian Laozi,” in The Guodian Laozi, 66.
In this case, it would certainly not be unusual if the manuscript (or manuscripts) available to the Han editors of the received Shu read 毋, as does the Cheng zhi wen zhi manuscript, instead of 亡 or 無 or 无. Any Han editor would certainly have been aware of this fluidity in the use of the negatives, and if he had understood the 毋 to be the existential negative, he doubtless would have silently converted it to 無 or 无, in accordance with his understanding of proper grammar. Instead, as we have seen, he mistook it for the pronoun ru 汝, “you,” and thus changed not just the tenor of this one sentence but indeed of the entire text.
EDITING ARCHAEOLOGICALLY RECOVERED MANUSCRIPTS 33 It can be imagined that a suggestion such as this would prompt a reaction from other Chinese scholars, steeped as they are in the classical tradition. This was indeed the case. 64 Perhaps a simple comparison of the sequences that just Li Ling and Li Xueqin have proposed will suffice to illustrate how different the reconstructions are (the numbers below refer to the strip numbers as given in Shanghai bowuguan cang Zhanguo Chu zhu shu): Shanghai: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Li Ling: 1 19 20 18 11 16 10 12 13 14 15 24 27 29 28 25 26 17 8 9 23 21 22 6 4 5 7 2 3 Li Xueqin: 10 14 12 13 15 11 24 20 27 19 18 8 9 25 26 23 28 29 21 22 16 17 6 7 2 3 4 5 1 Not only do the three sequences differ completely in the general order of the strips, but of the twenty-nine strips of the text, they agree on the specific ordering of only six pairs of strips: 2–3, 4–5, 8–9, 12–13, 21–22, and 25–26.