By Paul Einzig
Primitive cash: In its Ethnological, historic and financial points: moment variation, Revised and Enlarged bargains with the learn of the position of cash some time past and in chosen areas of the area. this option is split into 3 sections, exact as publication I, e-book II, and ebook III.
Book I discusses the ethnology of cash extending again to greater than 5,000 years in the past, to the darkish age while now not a lot written proof existed, and to modern day a variety of groups scattered around the globe. The textual content covers the areas of Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. ebook II seems to be into the old element of cash, from the traditional interval comprising prehistoric currencies akin to instruments and embellishes, to the Medieval interval, after which to trendy occasions. ebook III is the theoretical part that makes an attempt to outline primitive cash, its features, and its perceived price. This ebook applies whatever sleek while it discusses primitive financial coverage, resembling energetic and passive attitudes of the country, restrictionist coverage, stabilizationist coverage, and expansionist financial coverage. This part additionally discusses the philosophy of primitive funds, and its fiscal and historic roles. The swap from primitive to trendy cash is tested, and the longer term customers resembling the continuance or redemption of primitive funds is mentioned.
Anthropologists, sociologists, economists, historians, scholars and academicians doing sociological learn, or even businessmen and industrialists can make the most of examining this article.
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Sample text
S. dollars in 1944. A stone man high was worth many villages and plantations, and a stone two men high was entirely beyond price. The appreciation of the stone money in recent decades was all the more remarkable as during the eighties an enterprising Irish ship-owner, Captain O'Keefe, transported to Yap many large-size stones from Pelew and Guam in return for copra. He became an almost legendary figure because in possession of his vast wealth in stone money he was able to buy up anything and anybody he wanted in Yap.
In Pelew any punishment for religious offence can be commuted into money payment. Fines are the main21 revenue of the chiefs. On occasions of weddings, moneys are exchanged. Relations between individuals and also between tribes are largely based on swapping money. This aspect of the subject, as many of its other aspects, has not been adequately explored. According to Kubary, in social life in Pelew everybody is compelled by custom to undertake definite expenditure in accordance with his standing in the community.
The stones imported from Guam are worth more than those shipped from Pelew, possibly because of a difference in quality, but more probably because Guam is more distant and the journey is more dangerous. There is absolutely no practical non-monetary use for the stone money of Yap. It does not constitute an implement, nor can its material be used for any non-monetary purpose. It owes its value to the following circumstances: 1. Scarcity—Its material could not be found in Yap and its quantity could not be increased indefinitely by import, owing to the difficulty of transport in small native boats.