Praxiology. An Introduction to the Sciences of Efficient by Tadeusz Kotarbinski

By Tadeusz Kotarbinski

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Sample text

The term "goal" is thus defined by referring it to the conjunctive phrase "in order to"* It was so defined by, among others, Eugeniusz Geblewicz in his paper Analiza pojçcia celu (An Analysis of the Concept of Goal) *. Whatever is the goal of the agent of a given free impulse — that is what he intends, but not everything which he intends is his goal: he intends all those events which he foresees as one of the effects of his impulse, even if that impulse is made with another goal in view. For instance, the report of the gun is 1 Przeglqd Filozoficzny.

Let it be noted that in this paragraph the words " c a n " and "cannot" are not used in any of the senses specified above with reference to action. They are used here in a more general, logical connotation: the statement that something can be, means that the supposition is that something complies with the assumptions adopted,. ) Analogous remarks apply to situational possibility, with the difference that moment a can be pushed back to the beginning of the existence of the individual in question; the statement "a given person at moment a has the situational possibility of causing at the moment b a certain thing to happen at the moment c", means that the circumstances external to The Possibility to Act 41 that person and existing at moment a do not alone determine either that event at the moment c or its negation.

A virtuoso who fingers the strings with his left hand and bows with the right can serve as an example of an individual executing a compound action. Indeed, a child who with one finger plays a nursery tune on the piano also performs a compound action. For, as can be seen from the general definition and from the examples used as illustrations, the time relation may vary: the component actions may either follow one another or be simultaneous. A set of actions simultaneous (such that each of them at least overlaps every other), and forming parts of a compound act, will be called a "chord of actions"; a set of consecutive actions (even 48 Praxiology if parts of their moments overlap) which form parts of a compound act, a "series of actions"; a series of chords of actions, a "complex of actions".

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