By Gordon F. De Jong
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Extra info for Migration Decision Making. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing Countries
Sample text
Place utility may be e x p r e s s e d as a p o s i t i v e or n e g a t i v e q u a n t i t y , e x p r e s s i n g r e s p e c t i v e l y t h e individual's s a t i s f a c t i o n or d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n with r e s p e c t to that place" (1965: 162). Although some d e g r e e of s a t i s f a c t i o n - d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n i s r e l a t e d to personal a n d social a s p i r a t i o n s , Wolpert s u g g e s t s that t h e primary c a u s e i s attributable to h o u s i n g and n e i g h borhood environmental conditions in t h e c o n t e x t of the life cycle.
In the extreme case, nonavailability would imply that the person does not know of the existence of other places, or is unable to conceptualize his own movement in space owing to lack of experience or inadequate mental ability. These circumstances will seldom occur, however, and it is more meaningful to relax the criterion of cognitive availability to refer to the conscious consideration of alternatives. Persons who indicate that they have never really thought about moving cannot give meaningful responses about consideration of alternatives and thus should not be considered eligible for an analysis of the factors affecting migration decision making (although there might be a separate interest in analyzing the characteristics of this ineligible group).
Empirically, DaVanzo was able to test and confirm only selected aspects of "loss of capital" at area of origin as a negative benefit in the decision to move. Byerlee's (1974) conceptualization of the motivation for migration in Africa likewise adds to the monetary-based economic returns a consideration of (1) "psychic" costs including the risks of unemployment and loss of income, (2) the costs of breaking old and setting up new contacts, (3) the costs of overcrowding in cities, and (4) pollution.