By H. H. Scullard
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Additional info for Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
Sample text
G. 28, 29 August, 1, 2 September might have the nundinal letters DEFG). Farmers coming into the city might also use the occasion to attend to other business, such as settlements of lawsuits or attending the comitia. However in the first century BC nundinae had become dies fasti; comitia and contiones (public meetings addressed by magistrates) could not be held, though the courts were still open. This cycle of eight days may have helped the Romans to move towards a seven-day week which had been used in Babylonia and was marked among the Jews by the Sabbath's 44 RELIGION AND FESTIVALS day of rest; further, in Hellenistic astrology some days received the names of the planets: Saturn, the Sun, the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus.
But clearly coincidences of nundinae with the Nones must have occurred often: they could not be avoided, but possibly the superstitious felt slightly uncomfortable. 27 Our knowledge of the calendar depends both on references in literary sources and above all on the surviving fragments of ancient calendars. 5 m broad, though some others are comparatively small. All but one date from the THE ROMAN CALENDAR 47 time of Augustus or Tiberius. The exception is the Fasti Antiates maiores, which was found in 1915; it is painted in red and black letters on plaster and dates between 84 and 46 BC, thus being the only pre-Julian calendar of the Republic.
He then quotes a letter in which Cicero tells Atticus that the day of the defeat of the Romans by the Gauls at Allia was still religiosus. According to Festus religiosi were days on which it was con sidered wrong (nefas) to do anything that was not necessary. Thus on one of these days, when a ritual pit, the mundus, was open (see p. 180), one did not engage in battle, enlist soldiers, hold comitia, start on a voyage, or marry. 25 On the other hand Gellius' restriction on religious activities must refer only to private rites, since we know that the public festival of 46 RELIGION AND FESTIVALS Matralia was held on a dies religiosus (11 June) and some temples were de dicated on similar days (7-15 June, when the temple of Vesta was open).