By John K. Fairbank
This is often the 1st of 2 volumes during this significant Cambridge heritage facing the decline of the Ch'ing empire. It opens with a survey of the Ch'ing empire in China and internal Asia at its peak, in approximately 1800. glossy China's heritage starts with the techniques recorded the following of monetary development, social swap and the deterioration of crucial govt inside of China. participants to this quantity research the advanced interaction of overseas invasion, family uprising and Ch'ing decline and recovery. distinct reference is made to the Peking management, the Canton exchange and the early treaty procedure, the Taiping, Nien and different rebellions, and the dynasty's survival in uneasy cooperation with the British, Russian, French, American and different invaders. each one bankruptcy is written by means of a consultant from the overseas group of sinological students. a number of the money owed holiday new flooring; all are in response to clean learn. This quantity has been designed either to be consulted as a piece of reference and to be learn constantly. No wisdom of chinese language is critical; for readers with chinese language, right names and phrases are pointed out with their characters within the thesaurus, and whole references to chinese language, jap and different works are given within the bibliographies. a variety of maps illustrate the textual content, and there are a bibliographical essays describing the resource fabrics on which each and every author's account relies.
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Extra info for The Cambridge History of China: Volume 10, Late Ch'ing 1800-1911, Part 1
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The revival of Chinese power under the Ming in 13 68 therefore provided a much-desired opportunity for the reassertion of the Chinese tradition of superiority. The first Ming emperor and his vigorous successor reasserted the old Confucian idea of rule-by-virtue. In seeking the submission of tribute from the states of the known world, they sought to demonstrate the Son of Heaven's impartiality as a proof of his superiority. They also showed their paternalistic generosity. The Ming founder, the Hung-wu Emperor, at the very beginning of his reign brought the mountains and rivers of the adjoining states of Korea, Annam and Champa into the list of natural phenomena that should be put on Chinese maps, marked by stone inscriptions, and offered sacrificial rites.
The local elite * See Ping-ti Ho, The ladder of success in imperial China and works cited therein. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 14 I N T R O D U C T I O N : T H E OLD O R D E R in the early nineteenth century may be seen as consisting, first of all, of families who held property, principally in land, and from whom, in the second place, came the great part of the successful examination candidates. Although some degree holders made their way as individuals living by their talents and sometimes moving far up in the social scale, those who got started without the family support of early leisure for study and a tradition of scholarship at home were undoubtedly rather few.
Perkins, Agricultural development in China, 1)68-1968, passim. Suzuki Chusei, Sbincbo cbiikisbi kenkyu, ch. 1. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE OLD SOCIETY 17 in which kinship created the essential bonds of loyalty. Individuals in a family firm bore an unlimited liability but by the same token could expect family backing in a crisis. In the absence of impersonal legal safeguards and institutions of insurance and commercial law, the principal assets of a merchant were his good name and his guarantors, but equally important was his personal relationship with official authorities from whom his firm might have to obtain a formal or informal sanction to do business.