By Amparo Gómez, Antonio Fco. Canales, Brian Balmer
Creating a clean contribution to the political heritage of technology, this ebook explores the connections among the technology regulations of 3 international locations that every skilled enormous political upheaval within the 20th century: Spain, Italy and Argentina. via focussing on those 3 nations, the participants may be able to current case reviews that spotlight the features and specificities of the democratic and dictatorial political techniques interested by the construction of technology and know-how. the point of interest on dictatorship provides the chance to extend our wisdom -beyond the extra broad literature approximately technology in Nazi Germany and Stalinist USSR -about the extent of political involvement of scientists in non-democratic contexts and to what volume they act as politicians in several contexts. Key issues lined comprise the recent kinds of association and institutionalization of technology within the 20th century; the involvement of clinical groups within the governance of technology and its associations; the position of ideology in medical improvement; the clinical practices followed by means of medical groups in several contexts; and the features of technological know-how and know-how produced in those contexts.
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Extra resources for Science Policies and Twentieth-Century Dictatorships: Spain, Italy and Argentina
Example text
5 Pielke (2007) analyses these relations in the USA between 1850 and 1940. He believes that genuine social contracts for science were established especially after the First World War. Guston (2000, pp. 3, 6 and 8) argues that the relationship between science and politics was clear in certain periods since the late nineteenth century, and scientific development was clearly the interest of politicians; see also Kleinman (1995, pp. 24–51). 3 The ‘Social Contract’ for Spanish Science before the Civil War 29 development.
8 Science Policies and Twentieth-Century Dictatorships 10 aspects of the military authoritarian mentality and especially conflicted with the religious fundamentalist reactionary thought that was present in both regimes. Catholicism was an essential component in both dictatorships and the Catholic Church had adopted, in both countries, a hostile position to scientific development. Ultimately, the Church in these countries was suspicious of science because it was a product of modernity, an activity based on principles such as the independence of reason and freedom of thought, principles the Church loathed.
Scientific Research under a Totalitarian Regime’ [pdf ]. Italian Studies Program and Department of French and Italian, Emory University. pdf> [Accessed 9 November 2013]. , 1939. The Social Function of Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967. , Kojevnikov, A. , 2005. ‘Purges in Comparative Perspective: Rules for Exclusion and Inclusion in the Scientific Community under Political Pressure’. In: C. Sachse and M. Walker (eds), 2005. Politics and Science in Wartime: Comparative International Perspectives on the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute.