Resource Use and Agricultural Sustainability: Risks and by Lin Zhen, Michael Zoebisch

By Lin Zhen, Michael Zoebisch

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Extra info for Resource Use and Agricultural Sustainability: Risks and Consequences of Intensive Cropping in China

Sample text

3 Defining Farming Practices Farming practices are defined as farmers’ operations in the production system (crops, soils and animals). They are human activities that manage the use of controllable factors in order to maintain the farm in harmony with the overall purpose of farming (Sorensten and Kristensen, 1992). According to Altieri (1992), farmers can improve the biological stability of the system by choosing more suitable crops or developing methods of cultivation that improve yields. The land can be irrigated, mulched, manured or rotated, or crops can be grown in combinations to improve the resilience of the system.

However, this measurement was challenged by Tisdell (1996), as not reflecting the profit that is very important from the economic perspective because conservation projects will not be sustainable unless they are economic and remain so. He then proposed a parallel indicator: the ratio of output value less input value and divided by input value. This indicator must satisfy the constraint or side condition that it be equal to or greater than zero, otherwise the projects are not economically sustainable.

The inherent qualities of soil and water resources are maintained or improved and no drift of nutrients, chemicals or sediment occurs from the system. • Profitable and stable production with an emphasis on increasing production, per capita products and net farm income. • Strengthened institutional support. • Improved knowledge and technologies regarding resource conservation. Crop intensification respecting the land’s carrying capacity Strengthened institutional support Rational use of external inputs and maintained and/or improved soil and water quality Sustainable Agriculture Profitable and stable production Improved conservation knowledge and technologies Figure 6.

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