By E. E. Hansen, J. F. Hubstenberger, G. C. Phillips (auth.), Professor Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj (eds.)
Twenty-seven chapters take care of the regeneration of vegetation from protoplasts and genetic transformation in numerous species of Agrostis, Allium, Anthriscus, Asparagus, Avena, Boehmeria, Carthamus, Coffea, Funaria, Geranium, Ginkgo, Gladiolus, Helianthus, Hordeum, Lilium, Lithospermum, Mentha, Panax, Papaver, Passiflora, Petunia, Physocomitrella, Pinus, Poa, Populus, Rubus, Saintpaulia, and Swertia. those stories mirror the far-reaching implications of protoplast expertise in genetic engineering of crops.
This quantity is of distinctive curiosity to complicated scholars, academics, and examine scientists within the box of plant tissue tradition, molecular biology, genetic engineering, plant breeding, and common plant biotechnology.
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Arabica, C. canephora and Arabusta. Concentrations are given in mgll. 5 5 30000 30000 20000 92000d 20000 92 000 30000 10 000 aMurashige and Skoog (1962). bBiaydes (1966). cYasude et al. (1985). dGradually reduced to 18 000; see text. 5 M mannitol. 5. The dishes are agitated on a rotary shaker at 50 rpm at 26°C. 3. After 6 h, sieve the suspension through a 25-llm nylon mesh and centrifuge at 100 g for 5 min. Wash the pelleted protoplasts twice with medium (3) and culture them at 26°C in darkness at a density of 2 x 105Iml in 3 ml of medium (3) in 3-cm Petri dishes.
On old trees, big branches can develop some ramifications (called Chichi-no-ki) for rooting. The bilobed leaves of Ginkgo show a thick limb with a very characteristic green color and dichotomal ribbing. The male reproduction organ or catkin has numerous microsporophylls (or stamens) with a short filament. At the end of March, pollen mother cells produce haploid microspores (n = 12 chromosomes) from which pollen grains develop within 5 to 10 days (Favre-Duchartre 1956). When anthesis takes place (mid-April), a tetracellular pollen grain shows one vegetative cell, a reproductive cell, and two prothallial cells.
3. After 6 h, sieve the suspension through a 25-llm nylon mesh and centrifuge at 100 g for 5 min. Wash the pelleted protoplasts twice with medium (3) and culture them at 26°C in darkness at a density of 2 x 105Iml in 3 ml of medium (3) in 3-cm Petri dishes. 4. Protoplasts are subcultured monthly by replacing half of the medium with fresh medium (4), with a progressive reduction of the glucose concentration from 92 gil to 54, 36, and 18 gil. For the first subculture, keep the dishes in a photoperiod of 16 h in diffuse light (5IlEm-2S-1).