By R. Verpoorte (auth.), Dr. Robert Verpoorte, Prof. Dr. A. W. Alfermann (eds.)
Plant secondary metabolism is an economically vital resource of excellent chemical substances, comparable to medicines, pesticides, dyes, flavours, and fragrances. additionally, vital characteristics of crops corresponding to flavor, flavour, scent, color, or resistance opposed to pests and ailments also are concerning secondary metabolites.
The genetic amendment of crops is possible these days. What does the opportunity of engineering plant secondary metabolite pathways suggest? during this publication, to begin with a basic advent is given on plant secondary metabolism, through an outline of the prospective techniques that may be used to change secondary metabolite pathways. In a sequence of chapters from numerous experts within the box, an outline is given of the state-of-the-art for vital teams of secondary metabolites.
No books were released in this subject thus far. This publication will therefore be a different resource of knowledge for all these concerned with vegetation as chemical factories of excellent chemical compounds and people concerned with the standard of meals and decorative vegetation. it is going to be beneficial in educating graduate classes within the box of metabolic engineering in plants.
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Plant Physioll992;100:1613-1614. 97 Facchini, PJ and De Luca V. Differential and tissue-specific expression of a gene family for 98 Facchini PJ and DeLuca V. Expression in Escherichia coli and partial characterization of two tyrosine/ tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase in opium poppy. J Bioi Chern 1994;269: 26684-26690. dopa decarboxylases in opium poppy. Phytochemistry 1995;38:1119-1123. 99 Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Lopez-Meyer M, Galef JR, et al. Molecular Analysis of a New member of the Opium Poppy Tyrosine/3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase Gene Family 1• Plant Physiol 1996; 110:43-49.
Though transformation is feasible, the regeneration of a plant from the transformed cells is often a difficult task. For the production by in vitro cultured cells, transformation with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes is also used. Infection with this bacterium results in the tumorous growth of roots. These so-called "hairy roots" can be cultured in vitro and produce secondary metabolite profiles similar to the roots of the plants. They are interesting for studying secondary metabolism. For the production of rare compounds such hairy roots systems are of interest' , though their growth on large scale is quite expensive.
Similarly the microbial salicylate biosynthetic pathway in tobacco, starting with the enzyme isochorismate synthase, which uses the readily available intermediate chorismate, has been introduced in plants. 62 Genetic engineering ofplant secondary metabolism 41 Strategies to reduce levels of a certain compound The level of a certain compound can be reduced by: • decreasing the flux towards that product by reducing the level of an enzyme in the pathway; • increase catabolism; • increase flux into competitive pathways.