By National Academy of Engineering
Because the preliminary laser beam in 1960, use of lasers has mushroomed, establishing new frontiers in drugs, production, communications, safeguard, and data garage and retrieval. Lasers: Invention to Application brings jointly a sequence of chapters via eminent scientists spanning the large variety of modern laser know-how.
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Introduction In the ceramics industry, the introduction of firing roller kilns for the production of fast-single-fired ceramic tiles and the trend toward large-sized tiles has raised the problem of reinforcing the mechanical strength of green tiles in order to avoid faults or breaking during prefiring steps. This has generally been obtained by tailored addition to the bodies, containing a great amount of filler minerals, of various types of organic or inorganic binders that lubricate the nonplastic particle during pressing and introduce cohesive forces between particles, although this may lead to new types of defects.
60 20% Coarse 40 ____ 10% Coarse 20 n 100 ..... 5 Fig. 2. Particle-size distributions of the blended starting materials. These were the size distributions used throughout the investigation. Results and Discussion The importance of the size distribution below 15 pm has been established in the previous literature. Benefits with respect to improved green density have been observed with the rheological behavior related chiefly to the packed fraction finer than DI = 15 pm. Poor match in the region of particles larger than 15 pm has not been shown to have a clear influence, nor was this region the target of the experimentation.
First, solvent will penetrate powder compacts, voids, and interstices. Second, some powders will experience volume changes due to hydration o r some other chemical effects, depending on the solvent. Third, some soft agglomerates will break up. As a result, the final volume of the initially prepared slurry, V,, would not be equal to the volume of raw powder materials, Vo,plus the volume of the solvent added in, V, (see Fig. 1). However, once a slurry has been prepared, we can adjust the specific gravity with another similar slurry or solvent (see Fig.