By Enrique Alfonseca, Suresh Manandhar (auth.), Asunción Gómez-Pérez, V. Richard Benjamins (eds.)
th This quantity includes the papers provided on the thirteen overseas convention on wisdom Engineering and information administration (EKAW 2002) held in Sig enza, Spain, October 1-4, 2002. Papers have been invited on themes concerning wisdom Acquisition, wisdom administration, Ontologies, and the Semantic internet. a complete of a hundred and ten papers have been submitted. every one submission used to be evaluated by means of not less than reviewers. the choice technique has ended in the reputation of 20 lengthy and 14 brief papers for booklet and presentation on the convention; an reputation price of approximately 30%. furthermore, one invited paper via a keynote speaker is integrated. This quantity comprises eight papers on wisdom Acquisition, four approximately wisdom administration, sixteen on Ontologies, and six papers concerning the Semantic internet. This used to be the second one time (EKAW 2000 being the 1st) that the development used to be prepared as a convention instead of because the ordinary workshop (hence the acronym: eu wisdom Acquisition Workshop). the massive variety of submissions (110 as opposed to the standard 40-60) is a sign that the medical neighborhood values EKAW as an immense occasion to percentage studies within the wisdom expertise zone, beneficial of being prepared as a prestigious overseas convention. wisdom is the gasoline of the approaching wisdom financial system. accordingly, we think that meetings resembling EKAW, that concentrate on wisdom applied sciences, will proceed to play a big position as a platform for sharing and changing stories and information among key gamers within the area.
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Additional resources for Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web: 13th International Conference, EKAW 2002 Sigüenza, Spain, October 1–4, 2002 Proceedings
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Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000), Austin, TX. 9. McGuinness, D. , and Wilder, S. 2000. "An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies". Proceedings of KR-2000, Breckenridge, CO. 10. Radev, D. and McKeown, K. 1998. "Generating natural language summaries from multiple online sources". Computational Linguistics, 1998. 11. , and Wielinga, B. 2000. "Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology". MIT Press. 12. B. 1996.
Like DNA, RNA is a linear polymer made of four different types of nucleotides subunits linked together by phosphodiester bonds. It differs from DNA chemically in two respects: (1) the nucleotides in RNA are ribonucleotides – that is, they contain the sugar ribose (hence the name ribonucleic acid) rather than deoxyribose; (2) although, like DNA, RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), it contains uracil (U) instead of the thymine (T) in DNA. Since U, like T, can base-pair by hydrogen-bonding with A, the base-pairing properties described for DNA also apply to RNA…” STEP 2: Composing stylized knowledge fragments - ribose - it is a kind of sugar, like deoxyribose - it is contained in the nucleotides of RNA - uracil - it is a kind of nucleotide, like adenine and guanine - it can base-pair with adenine - RNA - it is a kind of nucleic acid, like DNA - it contains uracil instead of thymine - it is single-stranded - it folds in complex 3-D shapes - nucleotides are linked with phospohodiester bonds, like DNA - there are many types of RNA - RNA is the template for synthesizing protein - gene : - subsequence of DNA that can be used as a template to create protein - protein synthesis - non-destructive creation process: RNA and protein created from DNA - its speed is regulated by the cell - substeps: (ordered in sequence) 1) RNA transcription - a DNA fragment (a gene) is copied, just like DNA is copied during DNA synthesis - the result is an RNA chain 2) protein translation - RNA is used as a template STEP 3: Creating knowledge base items … (defconcept uracil :is-primitive nucleotide :constraints (:the base-pair adenine)) (defconcept RNA :is (:and nucleic-acid (:some contains uracil))) … Fig.
The approach presented here has many relations to software engineering methodologies to capture the rationale for knowledge-based development [Schreiber et al 00], and to higher-level languages and frameworks to develop knowledge-based systems [Fensel et al. 98]. However, these methodologies are often aimed at software and knowledge engineers and are not very accessible to other potential knowledge base developers, such as end users and/or domain experts. The overhead that may be incurred in creating knowledge bases using this approach is, in our view, not as significant compared to the analysis efforts that developers already undergo.