By Sheila Bonde
Fortress-Churches of Languedoc lines the altering dating among army and non secular geographical regions as expressed in structure throughout medieval Europe. The scholarship of medieval structure has regularly imposed a department among army and ecclesiastical buildings. usually, even if, medieval church buildings have been supplied with fortified enclosures, crenellations, iron-barred doorways and different parts of defence, demonstrating the robust hyperlink among Church and country, and the army and spiritual nation-states. In her research of fortress-churches, Sheila Bonde specializes in 3 twelfth-century monuments in southern France - Maguelone, Agde and Saint-Pon-de-Thomi?re, that are one of the earliest examples of the sort. She analyses her archaeological surveys of those buildings, and in addition re-examines their documentation, that is the following awarded either within the unique Latin and in English translations. The e-book additionally explores the bigger context of fortification and authority in twelfth-century Languedoc and examines the dynamics of architectural alternate and innovation within the Mediterranean at a second of severe old value.
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Additional resources for Fortress-Churches of Languedoc: Architecture, Religion and Conflict in the High Middle Ages
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Henry of Huntingdon writes that Bishop Remigius built his church in the upper city next to the castle . . ; and in that strong place he built a strong church, a beautiful church in that beautiful place. . 121 The military potential of the cathedral was realized in 1141, when King Stephen laid siege to the town. William of Malmesbury reports that during the siege of the castle, the king "ecclesiam incastelaverat" (made a castle of the church). 122 Though the east end does not appear to have been fortified, the cathedral was sited near the Roman town fortifications, and there is recent archaeological evidence that these walls were reinforced during the Norman period.
As the medieval soldier evolved into a Christian knight fighting in the service of the church, descriptions of military and religious realms began to use a shared vocabulary. The term miles Christi was increasingly shifted from the monk to the knight. The military orders of the Knights Templar and the Hospitalers formed the most institutionalized expression of clerical militarism, adopting the title of militiae Christi. 5 ECCLESIASTICAL FORTIFICATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES the wake of the First Crusade.
128 Similar examples of chapels fused within their castle precincts can be found in later structures, such as the twelfth- and thirteenth-century Crusader chapel at Krak des Chevaliers, Edward Fs thirteenth-century Welsh castle of Beaumaris, or the original fourteenth-century castle chapel at Pierrefonds. Gatehouses were often provided with chapels incorporated within or directly adjoining the structure. At Goodrich castle in England, the thirteenth-century chapel is located in the tower next to the gate.