By 俞绍初
《建安七子集(繁体竖排版)》主要内容包括：建安时期，在我国古代文学史上是一个创作繁荣、成就突出的重要时期。这一时期的著名作家，除“三曹”（曹操、曹丕、曹植）以外，当推曹丕在典论论文中提出的“七子”，即孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢等七人，世称“建安七子”。
建安七子的生活年代，从汉桓帝元嘉三年（公元一五三）孔融出生，至汉献帝建发二十三年（公元二一八）徐干最后去世，前后共六十余年，正处于汉末社会动乱的时期。东汉王朝自桓帝时起，宦官和外戚互相倾轧，输流把握政权，政治日益腐败黑暗，加以他们对人民进行残酷的压迫掠夺，激起了灵帝中平元年（公元一八四）的黄巾大起义。这次起义虽在地主阶级联合武装力量的血腥镇压下失败，但东汉王朝也因此而一蹶不振，气息奄奄了。
Seven students of Jian'an (建安七子), additionally translated because the "seven philosophers of Jian'an", or the "seven masters of Jian'an", consists of 7 chinese language intellectuals of the jap Han interval. The identify used to be coined through Cao Pi. "Jian'an" refers back to the 196—220 interval in the course of the rulership of the Emperor Xian of Han. referred to as the time of unrest previous the 3 Kingdoms period, the interval received acceptance within the East Asian culture.
The seven students are Wang Can, Chen Lin, Ruan Yu (阮瑀), Liu Zhen (劉楨), Xu Gan, Ying Chang (應瑒), and Kong Rong.
Ruan Yu was once the daddy of Ruan Ji, one of many Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.
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Additional resources for Collection of Seven Scholars of Jian'an (Chinese classical literature series) (中国古典文学基本丛书:建安七子集)
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Agnès Andrésy, Duowei News, 22 décembre 2011, dans Xi Jinping. La Chine rouge nouvelle génération, op. cit. 21. Jean-Pierre Cabestan, Le Système politique chinois, un nouvel équilibre autoritaire, Presses de Sciences Po, Paris, 2014. 22. Source Banque mondiale, en parité de pouvoir d’achat : cette méthode indispensable pour comparer les niveaux de vie entre les pays permet de déterminer la quantité d’unités monétaires nécessaires dans les différents pays pour se procurer le même panier de biens et services.
Son parti, le PAP (People’s Action Party), a gagné toutes les élections depuis 1959, année de l’autonomie accordée par le colonisateur britannique avant la pleine indépendance d’août 1965. L’hebdomadaire anglais The Economist admet que Lee Kuan Yew « a conçu un système où des élections sans fraude sont tenus » et que « Singapour a eu des élections régulières, libres et équitables17 », même s’il faut mentionner que la parole est donnée à l’opposition principalement au moment de la campagne électorale pour le renouvellement du Parlement, mais plus rarement entre deux élections.
La démocratie libérale est en crise dans de nombreux pays, comme le montrent la moindre participation aux élections et le vote pour des partis extrêmes « antisystème ». La démocratie à l’occidentale fonctionne bien dans des pays à forte discipline sociale, comme la Suisse, l’Allemagne, les Pays-Bas, les pays scandinaves et sans doute la Grande-Bretagne. Ailleurs, elle se résume à une lutte pacifique mais acharnée pour la prise du pouvoir, et selon Lee Kuan Yew ce n’est pas toujours le plus compétent qui y accède, mais celui qui aura fait le plus de promesses démagogiques qu’il oubliera rapidement une fois élu ou qu’il financera par de l’endettement.