
By Arthur F. Wright
The idea and society of Han China --
The interval of training --
The interval of domestication --
The interval of self sufficient development --
The interval of appropriation --
The legacy of Buddhism in China.
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Extra resources for Buddhism in Chinese History
Sample text
Chinese Buddhists thus felt that they discerned in Buddhism two paths to truth and libera tion. Gradualism (chien) was an approach to the ultimate reality (li) by analysis, the accumulation of particulars, long study; it also implied a sense of reality which presupposed plurality, a set of spatially and temporally defined aspects of reality to which a succession of graded methods provided the key. Gradualism, though elaborated with a subtlety un known to pre-Buddhist China, is basically akin to the native Confudan tradition with its prescriptions for the slow ac cumulation of knowledge and wisdom.
In turning to the next period, we shall emphasize the continuity of this process of cultural interaction. There were no sharp breaks, but rather a slow complex interweaving of Chinese and Indian elements in the steadily changing con text of an evolving Chinese society. ** Cf. K . P . K. W hitaker, “Ttstur J y r and the Introduction of Pannbay into China,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, X X (1957), 585— 97* 17 Pien-cheng lun, ch. 3, In Taisho, LIT, 502. The figure* are for the West* ern Chin period, 265-317.
H e argued strongly that a subject who becomes a monk cuts his ties with the world of 9 C f. Leon H u rvitt, “ 'R e a d e r unto Caesar1 in Early Chinese Buddhisms" Sine Indian Studiet, Liebenthal F eitich rift (Santinekctao, India, 19 5 7 ) , pp. 8 7 - 50 The Period of Domestication material gain and personal reward; since he does not seek to benefit from the arrangements maintained by secular authority, he should not be obliged to pay homage to the reigning prince. But, he conceded, lay Buddhists do seek worldly goals and owe secular authority full respect: Those who revere the Buddhist teaching but remain in their homes are subjects who are obedient to the transforming power of temporal rulers.