By Gene E. Likens
A spinoff of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters examines the transformation, flux and biking of chemical substances in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, combining elements of biology, ecology, geology, and chemistry. as the articles are drawn from an encyclopedia, they're simply available to individuals of the general public, reminiscent of conservationists and environmental choice makers.
This spinoff textual content describes biogeochemical cycles of natural and inorganic components and compounds in freshwater ecosystems.
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Example text
The equations governing fluid flow consist of statements of conservation of mass (continuity), momentum, and energy. Of particular interest here are the momentum equations, or Navier–Stokes equations, which in component form are written as @u @u @u @u 1 @p þ u þ v þ w À fv ¼ À þ r2 u @t @x @y @z @x ½24 @v @v @v @v 1 @p þ u þ v þ w þ fu ¼ À þ r2 v @t @x @y @z @y ½25 @w @w @w @w 1 @p þu þv þw ¼À À g þ r2 w @t @x @y @z @x ½26 where f is the Coriolis parameter, defined as twice the daily rotation rate of the earth times the sine of the latitude, and n is kinematic viscosity.
For water (H2O), the elements hydrogen (atomic number 1) and oxygen (atomic number 16) each have three isotopes: 1H, 2H, and 3H for hydrogen; 16 O, 17O, and 18O for oxygen. In nature, the 1H and 16 O (usually just given as O) isotopes are by far the most common. In water, the water molecule may be given as 1H2O or hydrogen oxide, 2H2O or deuterium oxide, and 3H2O or tritium oxide, the radioactive one. 14 Properties of Water _ Physical Properties of Water Both of the latter two are sometimes called heavy water because of their increased mass.
These algae are mostly of the blue-green type (or cyanobacteria), which also can cause nuisance and even harmful (toxic) blooms. Buoyancy regulation is achieved by increasing or decreasing gas volume in vesicles in the cells. By increasing or decreasing volume, the displaced water and hence the buoyancy force acting on the cell is altered. Increasing volume increases the buoyancy force and causes the cell to rise, and up to five-fold variations in rising or falling rates have been observed. The actual rate of rise depends on the density structure of the water column in which the organism floats, since buoyancy is the weight of the displaced water, which changes as a function of density.