By John Bell, Moshe Machover
A entire one-year graduate (or complicated undergraduate) path in mathematical good judgment and foundations of arithmetic. No past wisdom of common sense is needed; the ebook is acceptable for self-study. Many workouts (with tricks) are incorporated.
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After observing the state, you may tell XSPIM to finish executing your program in its entirety (or until it encounters another breakpoint), or you may step through your program line by line. Breakpoints are useful to pass over a loop quickly and avoid single stepping around it many times. __ Single stepping contro l To continue execution of your program from a breakpoint, or at the very start of your program, press the 'step' button. This brings up the step window (Figure 4. 1 1 ), which allows you to either step through your program (press the 'step' button) or continue execution of your program (press the 'continue' button).
38 AN EXAM PLE M I PS PROGRAM Memory P ro c e s s o r $t0 $tl $ t2 [[Il] Oxl O O l O O O O O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Ox1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 [[Il] O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 I lw, load word , copies a word from memory i nto a register O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 O x l O O l O O OA O xl O O l O O O B 0 O O l O O OC Oxl l O O OD Oxl O O OOE O xl O O l O F O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 5 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 6 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 Figure 4.
The mnemonic add $ t 0 , $ t l , $ t 2 means to = tl + t2 Note the order of the operands. The arguments are the contents o f the registers, so this is known as register addressing mode. A programmer who needs one input to be a constant can use: addi $ t 0 , $ t l , 1 5 ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS Proc e s s o r $t0 $ tl $ t2 39 Memo ry ITIJJ m O xl O O l O O O O O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 Ox1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 [IlJ Ox1 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 I lb, load byte , O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 0 O O l O O OA Oxl O O O OB copies a byte from O x1 0 0 1 0 0 0 memory i nto a reg ister O xl O O l O O O D O xl O O l O O O E O xl O O l O O O F O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 5 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 6 O x1 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 Figure 4.