By Don Geary
Selecting and working a compass, studying maps, navigating within the wild, and dealing with open air emergencies.
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Additional resources for Using a map and compass
Example text
Its symbolism and three-dimensional representation are an unfamiliar way of viewing the world. Some areas are green, some blue, some simply white. Red and brown lines seem to be everywhere, some close together and others farther apart. All An actual piece of land (above) and how it is represented on a topographical map (below). Page 44 of these colors, lines, and symbols have important meanings. Once you learn the language of these maps, it's relatively easy to learn about an area before you actually go there.
On models with induction damping, there is a magnet mounted on each side of the compass needle, just above the pivot point. Surrounding the center of the pivot point is a tiny copper cup. As the compass needle swings, the magnets set up their own magnetic field inside the cup and help to quickly bring the needle to rest. When the swing of the compass needle stops, the induction damping magnets no longer affect it. Liquid damping is probably the most common method of slowing down compass needle movement, and nearly all orienteering compasses are liquid damped.
Adjustment Features A magnetic declination adjustment feature is found on all cruiser compasses and most of the expensive orienteering compasses. This feature adds to the cost of the unit, but is well worth the price if you plan to use the compass with a topographical map. In the extreme eastern and western parts of the United States, magnetic declination can be as great as 22 degrees. Travel is much easier if this deviation is taken care of by an adjustment to the compass rather than by a mental calculation at each reading.