By Dennis Jerke ASLA
Utilizing verifiable figures and drawing on specialist event, this argument for the "dividend" generated from top quality, preinvestment layout investigates the advantages and impact of fine design upon all points of an city area—the neighborhood, companies, staff, most of the people, urban officers, and the developer.
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Some resistance to a more biophilic urban realm, then, may actually come from urbanites themselves. Interestingly, new experimental research suggests that individuals underestimate the benefits and enjoyment they will receive from spending time in nature [58]. Busy schedules, heavy work commitments and over dependence on indoor-lives and car-dependent lives represent further obstacles. And there are obstacles presented by the prevailing short-term centered political and economic decision making mechanisms.
Behav. 2001, 33, 343–367. 50. ; Kuo, F. Aggression and violence in the inner city: Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environ. Behav. 2001, 33, 543–571. 51. ; Kawachi, I. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006, 24, 1105–1111. 52. R. Social support and the perception of geographical slant. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 2008, 44, 1246–1255. 53. ; Conraden, F. The Zurich stream day-lighting program. ; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2004.
The pathways identified above are largely tentative and require much additional research and practical demonstration. We have little understanding, for instance, of what the minimum level of nature, or access to nature, is that is required by urbanites to live healthy, happy and resilient lives (and the cumulative impacts of different green features and combinations of green features, in urban environments). Much additional research is needed to better understand, moreover, the full package of resilient benefits that is provided by a biophilic cities and even the different basic ways in which urban biophilia can manifest (which will likely vary by geography and climate).