By Christopher Gravett
In 1277 Edward I accrued a tremendous military and marched into Wales to subdue the insurgent Welsh princes who persevered to raid and pillage English managed parts of Wales, or even England itself. A key a part of his technique of subjugating and colonizing the Welsh used to be to erect a fort at each aspect the place his military rested, to supply everlasting bases for English garrisons and a visible reminder of English power.
This identify takes a close examine the layout, improvement and rules of security of the Edwardian Welsh castles, documenting lifestyle inside of their partitions and the historic occasions that happened round them. taking a look at key websites equivalent to Cardigan, Aberystwyth and Conwy it highlights the various fort designs starting from fortifications in accordance with French versions to the defenses encouraged via Constantinople, illustrated with 8 pages of complete color illustrations and cutaway art. Chris Gravett presents a transparent rationalization of why the castles have been there, who lived in them and the way they have been outfitted - an important interpreting for someone drawn to one of the most romantic and militarily potent structures ever created.
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Additional resources for The Castles of Edward I in Wales 1277-1307 (Fortress, Volume 64)
Example text
Stables were vital, for warhorses, riding horses and draught horses, probably often with an upper floor for hay and sleeping quarters for the grooms. There would be other animal pens and sometimes a dovecot, like the square example at Denbigh, for fresh meat. There might also be kennels for hunting dogs. A mill for grinding corn was common, sometimes a windmill or water mill but often a hand mill. The inner ward at Conwy housed a granary, while at Harlech it is set against the south curtain and sits on a slightly raised floor above a low basement.
At Harlech it is set against the north wall at an angle to the north end of the great hall; it had a lean-to roof but with a ceiling masking it off internally, where some white internal plastering survives on the west wall. The great hall in the outer ward at Conwy similarly had a chapel set at the eastern end of the great hall and separated off by timber-framed partitions. Other chapels were more private. One of the earliest was at Flint, with its barrel-vaulted chapel in the upper floor of the great circular tower, being one of the rooms surrounding the central apartment.
The rear of each tower was provided with a stair turret and, additionally, a door on the first floor at the rear led on to a platform and thence to an external stair to ground level, allowing access when all the gates were shut. Master James of St George probably designed the splendid triple-towered gatehouse at Denbigh (3); once past the twin towers at the front, a vaulted hall was entered (with a chamber on the floor above). The rear tower blocked further egress, forcing a right turn into the ward.