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Additional info for Skills Upgrading: New Policy Perspectives (Local Economic and Employment Development)
Example text
Instruments for upgrading the skills of the low-qualified: an overview This section offers an overview of the main instruments used to upgrade the skills and qualifications of the target group under discussion. 4 These instruments address the range of obstacles and barriers of cost, time and access. Some are established at the national level and therefore filter directly down into the workplace, while others are specifically created at the local level and take the form of pilot schemes that may or may not be replicated elsewhere.
Skill shortages Skills-shortages arise when “employers are unable to recruit the workers they require because the skills they seek are not available in sufficient quantity. The existence of skill shortages is then an indicator of the inadequacy of existing overall skills levels in relation to current employer and labour market requirements” (Campbell, 2002, p. 25). Skill gaps “They occur when there is a gap between the current skill levels of an organisation’s workforce and those which are required to meet the organisation’s objectives.
SKILLS UPGRADING: NEW POLICY PERSPECTIVES – ISBN 92-64-01250-8 – © OECD 2006 35 2. FROM WELFARE-TO-WORK TO WELFARE-IN-WORK: CONCEPTS AND POLICIES But aside from the notable exception of Scandinavian countries, which have a long-standing tradition of investment in permanent education and CET systems that are highly integrated (Goul Andersen, 1997), in most OECD countries the training needs of low-qualified incumbent workers tend to fall within the remit of human resource management (HRM), not within that of public policy.