By Tom Güldemann
The booklet represents the result of a synchronic and diachronic cross-African survey of quotative indexes. those are linguistic expressions that sign within the ongoing discourse the presence of a quote (often referred to as ""direct mentioned speech""). For this goal, 39 African languages have been chosen to symbolize the genealogical and geographical variety of the continent. The learn relies totally on this language pattern, specifically at the research of quotative indexes and similar expressions from a textual content corpus of every pattern language, but additionally incorporates a wide variety of knowledge from the printed literature on different African in addition to non- African languages. it's the first typological research of direct stated discourse of this significance in a wide crew of languages. The publication may well hence function a kick off point of comparable reviews in different geographical parts or perhaps with an international scope, in addition to stimulate extra designated investigations of specific languages. the result of the African survey problem a number of triumphing cross-linguistic generalizations relating to quotative indexes and pronounced discourse buildings as a complete, of which are of specific curiosity. within the syntactic area, the place pronounced discourse has ordinarily been handled less than so- referred to as sentential complementation, the research helps the minority view that direct pronounced discourse and in addition a wide section of oblique suggested discourse convey hardly ever any facts for the declare that the said clause is a syntactic item supplement of a few matrix verb. With recognize to grammaticalization, the paintings concludes that speech verbs are, opposed to universal trust, now not a widespread resource of quotatives, complementizers, and different comparable markers. way more widespread resources are markers of similarity and demeanour; favourite verbs of equation, inchoativity, and motion; and pronominals bearing on the quote or th
Read or Download Quotative Indexes in African Languages: A Synchronic and Diachronic Survey PDF
Similar geometry and topology books
From Geometry to Quantum Mechanics: In Honor of Hideki Omori
This quantity consists of invited expository articles by means of famous mathematicians in differential geometry and mathematical physics which were prepared in get together of Hideki Omori's contemporary retirement from Tokyo college of technological know-how and in honor of his primary contributions to those parts.
Designing fair curves and surfaces: shape quality in geometric modeling and computer-aided design
This cutting-edge examine of the innovations used for designing curves and surfaces for computer-aided layout functions specializes in the main that reasonable shapes are continuously freed from unessential gains and are easy in layout. The authors outline equity mathematically, exhibit how newly built curve and floor schemes warrantly equity, and help the person in picking out and elimination form aberrations in a floor version with no destroying the critical form features of the version.
Professor Peter Hilton is among the most sensible identified mathematicians of his new release. He has released nearly three hundred books and papers on a variety of elements of topology and algebra. the current quantity is to have a good time the get together of his 60th birthday. It starts with a bibliography of his paintings, by way of studies of his contributions to topology and algebra.
Additional resources for Quotative Indexes in African Languages: A Synchronic and Diachronic Survey
Sample text
Naturally, the analysis of RD-tokens is based completely on the data from the text corpora. As mentioned above, the internal composition of the quote does not play any significant role in the analysis once the tokens of RD-constructions have been identified and their category determined. The principal object of this study is the expressions indexing the presence of the quote. The following procedure was pursued in the identification and classification of tokens: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Recording of tokens of DRD-constructions as defined above Separation of tokens with and without a QI Recording of tokens of other RD-categories referring to real speech Preliminary identification of QI-types Recording of tokens of the identified QI-types not used for RD This approach resulted in four classes of tokens: I.
The fact that entire genealogical lineages to be included in a representative sample have not survived these processes to the time when they could be recorded according to acceptable documentation standards implies that the objective of any ancient genealogical profile cannot be achieved completely. From a methodological viewpoint, it is also important to note that this sampling of an older genealogical situation has the consequence that the genealogical and the structural profiles do not match each other from a diachronic perspective.
The problem can also appear in so-called selfquoting contexts, where both the QI and the quote have only 1st-person pronouns. In such pronominally ambiguous cases, the problem can often be resolved by noting the presence of shifters encoding temporal and spatial deixis and of other discourse features which are pragmatically tied to the non-immediate communicative setting like exclamations, vocatives, attitude markers, imperatives, etc. If these are also absent, the last resort in the analysis is the translation provided in the data source.