By Nicolas Gisin
Quantum physics, which bargains a proof of the area at the smallest scale, has basic implications that pose a major problem to bland good judgment. relatively counterintuitive is the suggestion of entanglement, which has been explored for the prior 30 years and posits an ubiquitous randomness in a position to manifesting itself at the same time in additional than one place.
This outstanding 'non-locality' is greater than simply an summary interest or paradox: it has totally down-to-earth functions in cryptography, serving for instance to guard monetary details; it additionally has enabled the demonstration of 'quantum teleportation', whose limitless probabilities even science-fiction writers can scarcely imagine.
This pleasant and concise exposition doesn't stay away from the deep logical problems of quantum physics, yet offers the reader the insights had to savor them. From 'Bell's Theorem' to experiments in quantum entanglement, the reader will achieve a superior realizing of 1 of the main attention-grabbing components of up to date physics.
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Additional resources for Quantum Chance: Nonlocality, Teleportation and Other Quantum Marvels
Example text
The clone of an electron will thus have to carry the same ‘information’ as the original, and hence have the same average velocity and the same indeterminacy1 in this velocity, and likewise for all other physical quantities. Only the average position will be different, so that we can have the original over here and the clone over there. In this chapter, we shall ask whether it is in fact possible to clone Bob’s box. We have already seen that the core elements of these boxes are crystals carrying the quantum characteristic we called entanglement.
So sometimes when we say that they win Bell’s game, we shall mean that they win more often than 3 times out of 4. To gain some familiarity with this peculiar game, let us think about the case where Alice and Bob do not in fact note down the results displayed by their boxes, but instead just write down whatever comes to mind. 3 In this case, the success rates will all be 1/2. Indeed, half the time Alice and Bob write down the same result, and half the time opposite results, whatever their choices for the joystick.
I am sorry to torment your grey matter with this game, but it really does lie at the very heart of the issue of nonlocality. We are perhaps in the same position as people in the Middle Ages when they were told that the Earth is round like a ball and that other people were living on the other side of it. But then how come they did not fall off? Today everyone knows that all objects, including people, fall toward the center of the Earth, not from top to bottom. People on the other side of the Earth are thus held to the ground in the same way as magnets are held on the fridge door.