By Angelo Albini, Stefano Protti
This short discusses the formation of recent “green chemistry” as a contribution to sustainability and the historical paths that result in the foremost techniques of this self-discipline. inside this highbrow framework, the publication tackles the 12 rules of eco-friendly chemistry and the 12 rules of eco-friendly chemical engineering in addition to similar monetary and administration matters; those proof are explored and reformulated in a targeted set of paradigms. the best option of a version for quantitative evaluation (sufficiently particular to account for the various parameters concerned yet now not excessively distinctive to inhibit functional use) is mentioned and examples of useful purposes are presented.
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Extra resources for Paradigms in Green Chemistry and Technology
Example text
This revealed the potentialities of simple carboxylic acids as acyl donors in terms of green chemistry perspective. 97) enzymatic synthesis of polyester 32 from glycerol and adipic acid has been successfully performed on industrial scale under relatively mild conditions (60 °C and 20 mbar) in the presence of Cal–B (Novozym 435) 3 % w/w. 21), the largest contribution to the reaction waste being water. g. 6 kg kg−1) or Cu(I) salts catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of methanol, which can be used avoiding the generation of organic by-products or salts and proceeds with an excellent selectivity when catalysts such as zeolites and K2CO3 are employed [51].
Sulfonylation. The synthesis of diarylsulfones (33, 11 mmol scale) was carried out in the presence of different Lewis acid catalysts under microwave activation. The most effective catalyst in terms of yield was iron(III) chloride, with a yield of 89 %. Moving from oil bath heating to microwave resulted in one order magnitude reduction of the CO2 produced during the process (8 vs. 23). 3 43 Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation Solid acid catalysts are playing a growing role in the field of organic synthesis and the strong points are the reduction of waste and the increased yield.
170 PEI kg−1), with the largest contribution given by the auxiliaries required for the isolation of 25, viz. 42) [85]. The contribution of the work-up/isolation in the synthesis of 1-H-pyrazole derivatives has been also pointed out by Martins et al. In this case, the solvent free microwave induced synthesis of pentafluorophenylsubstituted compounds 57 resulted to have the most favorable reaction yield and RME value. 43) [86]. Henriques et al.