By James MacKillop
Covers the gods and goddesses of Celtic fable together with the character of Celtic faith, Celtic deities who have been associated with animals and ordinary phenomena or who later grew to become linked to neighborhood Christian saints, and the wealthy number of Celtic myths.
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Extra resources for Myths and Legends of the Celts (Penguin Reference)
Example text
The surviving oral traditions of Ireland, Gaelic Scotland, Wales and Brittany place deities at countless, easily identifiable landforms such as caves, waterfalls, fords or conspicuous hills. In Roman Gaul prominent rivers and larger springs were either identified with or associated with nameable divinities, such the Marne (Dea Matrona), the Seine (Dea Sequana) or the Saône (Souconna). But shadowy though she may be, only one early deity appears to have transcended the local and particular from the continent to the British Isles.
The portrayal of a god with a wheel on a mace-head found at Willingham Fen, Cambridgeshire, implies the existence of a Romano-Celtic sun cult. Participants in some kind of sun cult wore the solar-decorated headdresses that survive at Wanborough temple in Surrey. Early Celtic coins bear sun symbols linked with horses. During Roman occupation sun symbols, such as the solar wheel, were associated with the worship of Jupiter, the Roman sky god whose cult extended to the colonies, often merging with local deities.
A taste for bagpipes, nurtured by romantic nationalists, still flourishes in northern Spain. But the greatest reservoir of Celtic culture is Ireland, protected from invaders by large expanses of seawater and barely visible from Britain. The oldest written Irish records are in the ogam (modern ogham) alphabet, a native system of notched parallel lines that are the equivalents of Roman letters. Writing using the Roman alphabet, in both Latin and the native Irish language, was brought to the island in the early fifth century by Christian missionaries, usually associated with St Patrick.