By Erik Butler
For the final 300 years, fictions of the vampire have fed off anxieties approximately cultural continuity. notwithstanding typically represented as a parasitic aggressor from with out, the vampire is actually a local of Europe, and its "metamorphoses," to cite Baudelaire, a distorted snapshot of social transformation. as the vampire grows powerful every time and anywhere traditions weaken, its representations have improved with each political, financial, and technological revolution from the eighteenth century on. this present day, within the age of globalization, vampire fictions are extra virulent than ever, and the monster enjoys looking grounds as significant because the overseas market.
Metamorphoses of the Vampire explains why representations of vampirism begun within the eighteenth century, flourished within the 19th, and got here to eclipse approximately all different kinds of monstrosity within the early 20th century. some of the works via French and German authors mentioned right here have by no means been awarded to scholars and students within the English-speaking global. whereas there are lots of first-class reports that study Victorian vampires, the undead in cinema, modern vampire fictions, and the vampire in folklore, in the past no paintings has tried to account for the unifying good judgment that underlies the vampire's many and sometimes it sounds as if contradictory types.
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35 In addition to the inward-directed function of group consolidation, these acts of collective violence had another, outward-directed side. The hajduks’ destruction of the vampire was also a blow aimed at Austrian authority figures. The amazement that Frombald and Flückinger record stemmed in large part from the insubordination of the peasants. The former states in his account that “the people grew more outraged than distressed” when he attempted to intervene: the officer feared that the villagers might turn their rage on him if he did not permit them to destroy the vampire.
The War of Austrian Succession (1740–48), which began on the pretext that Maria Theresa, as a woman, could not legitimately inherit the Habsburg throne, marked the emergence of Prussia as an international force of note. The theater of fighting rapidly expanded from Silesia to Bohemia and Moravia; seeking to obtain a balance of power favorable to their interests, all the major European states were soon involved. Thus, in both an immediate and a broad historical perspective, the vampire debates reflected past political problems, nascent conflicts, and crises yet to emerge.
In seinem Mund hab nicht ohne Erstaunung einiges frisches Blut erblickt, welches, der gemeinen Aussag nach, er von denen, 32 VAMPIRE COUNTRY: BORDERS OF CULTURE AND POWER durch ihme umgebrachte, gesogen. [ . . ] Nachdem nun sowol der Popp als ich dieses Spectacul gesehen, der Pövel aber mehr und mehr ergrimter als bestürtzter wurde, haben sie gesamte Unterthanen in schneller Eil einen Pfeil gespitzet, solchen, dem Todten-Cörper zu durchstechen . . 11 [After a subject by the name of Peter Plogojowitz had died, ten weeks past — he lived in the village of Kisilova, in the Rahm district — and had been buried .