By Marina Yaguello
Los angeles langue est-elle machiste ? Pourquoi certains noms comme orateur ou syndic sont-ils privés de féminin ? Faut-il modifier le style des mots par attachement à l'égalité des sexes ? C'est à toutes ces questions et bien d'autres que Marina Yaguello répond, de façon érudite mais jamais pédante, fidèle à son credo selon lequel los angeles linguistique n'est pas qu'une affaire de spécialistes.
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Example text
Sing. kaan byikoon 3 pl. kaanoo byikoonoo LESSON SIX 45 When the middle radical is followed by two consonants, however, the /aa/ is shortened as follows: for verbs with /oo/ in the non-past /aa/ becomes /u/, otherwise it becomes /i/. sing. pl. ku/nt/oo bitkoonoo Other types of hollow verbs 3 m. sing. 2 m. sing. 3 m. sing. 2 m. sing. Past Non-past khaaf (fear) byikhaaf khift btkhaaf Saar (become)byiSeer Sirt btSeer Past tense of kaan 1 c. 2 m. 2 f. 3 m. 3 f. Singular kunt kunt kunti kaan kaanat Plural kunna kuntoo kuntoo kaanoo kaanoo In other words, /aa/ is maintained only in all the third persons.
3 m. 3 f. e. a final hamzated verb. ) Doubled verbs (radicals 2 and 3 the same) Singular Plural 1 c. Dallayt (remain) Dallayna 2 m. Dallayt Dallaytoo 2 f. Dallayti Dallaytoo 3 m. Dall Dalloo 3 f. Dallat Dalloo NON-PAST TENSE Defective verbs As opposed to classical Arabic, these verbs in colloquial Arabic tend to have final /a/ or /ee/. Past masha ’ara(read) da9a (invite) Non-past (walk) byimshee byi’ra byid9ee (/-oo/ in classical Arabic) Conjugation rule Where /-a/ or /-ee/ comes before final /-oo/, /-oo/ dominates.
Allaah yisallimak! Translation A B A B A B Hullo! Welcome! How are you? Hullo! Praise be to God! How are you? Praise be to God! When did you arrive fromAmman? Two hours ago. Praise be to God for your safety! God bless you! PROVERB ’ibnak ’inta mitlak inta—Like father like son LESSON FOUR VERBS, CONJUNCTIONS AND ELATIVES VERBS: NON-PAST, SIMPLE AND DERIVED FORMS From he wrote—katab Formation The radicals retain their position throughout (k-t-b), the vowelling is changed (more or less systematically) and the prefixes (and suffixes) added to indicate the subject are mostly related to pronouns already learned.