By Michael Jerchel
Improvement of the Leopard 1 might be traced again to November 1956, whilst the operational requirement for a brand new conflict tank used to be formulated by means of the Federal German military (Bundeswehr). initially a Franco-German undertaking, the tank less than layout was once named the 'Standard-Panzer'. The French later dropped out, besides the fact that, and on 1 October 1963 the 'Standard' tank used to be formally named 'Leopard', a suitable selection contemplating Germany's wartime pedigree with the bold Tiger and Panther. This ebook lines the improvement and repair checklist of the Leopard 1, detailing its keep an eye on platforms, changes and editions.
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Additional info for Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank 1965-95 (New Vanguard, Volume 16)
Sample text
Up to the 16th century Izborsk fortress survived eight serious sieges and never surrendered. It only fell in 1569 through treachery, and was later captured by the troops of Stephen Batory in 1581. Today all that remains of Truvor’s gorodishche is a rampart, a ditch, and some fragments of stone walling. The stone fortress of Izborsk is well preserved, except for the Nikolski zakhab and two towers, which lie in ruin. Decorative crosses and other ornaments can be seen on the walls and towers of the fortress.
The defenders resisted fiercely and the attack was beaten off. Thus, on February 7, 1238, the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality fell to the Mongols. com The siege of Vladimir by the Mongols, February 6, 1238 The ramparts and ditches of Izheslavl (Izyaslavl of Ryazan) were destroyed and burned down by the Mongolian hordes of Batu Khan. On its most vulnerable sides the settlement was protected with three rows of ramparts and ditches. The ramparts were topped with wooden walls. 48 a rampart on the side of the detinets (citadel) and the rampart of the external site never adjoined the ramparts of the detinets, the most vulnerable place (the ditch between the okol’ny gorod and the detinets) was never subjected to attack.
Dwellings were of two types: over-ground ones and so-called semi-dugouts. The latter were more popular than the former until the late 11th century, and were widespread in the 9th to the mid 10th century in the forest-steppe; they could also be found further to the south in the steppe, and to the north in the forested areas. In other words, they represented the main type of dwelling in the basins of the Dniester, Dnieper, Oka and Don rivers. It was only in the capital city of Kiev that both types of dwellings co-existed.