By Chitta Baral
Wisdom administration and knowledge-based intelligence are parts of significance in modern-day financial system and society, and their exploitation calls for illustration through the advance of a declarative interface whose enter language is predicated on good judgment. Chitta Baral demonstrates the best way to write courses that behave intelligently through giving them the facility to specific wisdom and cause approximately it. He provides a language, AnsProlog, for either wisdom illustration and reasoning, and declarative challenge fixing. a number of the effects have by no means seemed earlier than in ebook shape yet are prepared the following for these wishing to profit extra in regards to the topic, both in classes or via self-study.
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Example text
Now consider the program not sat ← p , q. 3 Semantics of AnsProlog∗ programs 35 This program has two answer sets S1 = { p, q } and S2 = { p , q , q, not sat}. obtained from by replacing disjunctions through a Consider the program would then be: transformation mentioned earlier. The program p ← not p . p ← not p. q ← not q . q ← not q. not sat ← p, q. not sat ← p , q . not sat ← p , q. q ← not sat. q ← not sat. While S1 is still an answer set of , S2 is no longer an answer set of . ✷ We denote the set of answer sets of an AnsProlog¬,or,−not,⊥ program by M¬, or ,⊥ ( ).
Proposition 8 M is an answer set of an AnsPrologor program of and there does not exist M such that M is a model of iff M is a model and M ⊂ M. ✷ M Proof: M is an answer set of iff M is an answer set of M iff M is a minimal model of M iff M is a model of M and there does not exist M such that M is a model of M and M ⊂ M iff M is a model of and there does not exist M such that M is a model of M and ✷ M ⊂ M. 5 Query entailment So far we have discussed the AnsProlog∗ languages that represent a set of axioms of an answer set framework, and defined the notion of answer sets of programs in these languages.
In this context AnsProlog∗ programs can also be thought of as functions. Viewing an AnsProlog∗ program as a specification of a theory about the world does not contradict with viewing it as a function; it is then a function with no inputs. In this section we discuss several different formulations of viewing AnsProlog∗ programs as functions. The formulations vary by how the domain and co-domain of the function is defined, and whether the domain, co-domain, or both are extracted from the program, or given separately.