By Susanne Soederberg, Georg Menz, Philip G. Cerny
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Extra info for Internalizing Globalization: The Rise of Neoliberalism and the Decline of National Varieties of Capitalism
Example text
The Rhineland model: what is it and why is it under threat? , 1999; Coates, 2000; Menz, 2005a). At the heart of the rapidly unfolding literature on comparative political economy, there were two central assumptions, shared at first by many, but later questioned and even heavily criticized: First, that the demise of Eastern European state socialism would shift the focus of systemic competition to the different varieties of capitalism and second, that globalization and an ever more intensified, accelerated, and deregulated global capitalism would undermine organized Rhineland-style capitalism.
Even union strength is declining. The union movement is challenged to integrate non-traditional, female, and ethnic workers, and to expand into the service sector. Where traditional institutions of industrial relations still exist, they very strongly reflect the shifting power balance in favor of business. 3. How much variation is there among the varieties of capitalism? While I stress not only institutional erosion in some areas, but also a shifting ideological stance on the part of political elites, a recent strand in the comparative political economy stresses the institutional resilience of the Rhineland model.
Questioning welfare state spending and attacking the institutions of consensual economic policy-making have thus become acceptable, as these institutions are no longer perceived as a bulwark against either fascism or state socialism. Given the history of forced labor and concentration camp internment for so-called ‘antisocial elements’ during the Third Reich, the recent polemic against welfare cheats by mainstream politicians deliberately breaks a taboo. Similarly, the introduction of ‘workfare programs’ into the welfare state debate should be reason for concern, but does not seem to raise substantial opposition.