By Konstantin Nossov
Within the moment 1/2 the 3rd millennium BC the Indo-European tribe referred to as the Hittites migrated and settled in primary Anatolia, at the moment a land of small city-states whose rulers lived in fortresses. those fortifications enabled the Hittites to remodel themselves right into a Bronze Age super-power defeating the Egyptians at Kadesh in c.1274 BC. Konstantin Nossov examines the fortifications built by means of the Hittites of their efforts to maintain after which halt the decline in their as soon as flourishing empire. offering an in-depth anatomy of the fortresses, targeting the foremost websites of the valuable urban Hattusha in addition to websites at Alacah�y�k and Karatepe, with full-color reconstructions, this is often an interesting glimpse into the historical past of an empire which at its top rivalled the Egyptians and Assyrians. It concludes with an exam of those websites as they live on at the present time, info that would entice either lovers and travelers traveling the realm.
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Extra info for Hittite Fortifications c.1650-700 BC (Fortress, Volume 73)
Example text
Taken together with the fact that the sphinxes of the inward portal faced the city, it suggests that this was not a common gate. Like the King’s Gate, it is possible that only priests used it for religious ceremonies. In this case, the rampart might have also served as a gigantic platform on which the priests, and maybe the statue of a god too, were clearly visible to the spectators standing below. Originally there was only one line of fortifications on the top of the rampart. Later on, towards the end of the 13th century BC, another line of fortifications was built outside the main wall, probably in the face of a growing threat to the city.
When they campaigned in enemy territory the Hittites left strong garrisons in newly captured fortresses. Their purpose was to guarantee the loyalty of the local population as well as to maintain military pressure on the enemy. Even in enemy territory, Hittite garrisons only consisted of a few hundred men. qxd 31/7/08 11:36 Page 53 year’s campaign. When Muršili II seized the state of Mira, making it a tributary province, he built three fortresses and left a garrison of 600 men apparently distributed between them.
The fortress served as either a royal summer residence or a frontier outpost. It did not remain long in service as the Assyrians seized it and burnt it to the ground in either 720 or 680 BC. A substantial amount of the curtain wall has been reconstructed to a considerable height. The walls are laid from rough medium-sized stones, with the core consisting of earth mixed with rubble. The mud-brick superstructure has not been reconstructed, so the walls look unfinished. The fortress had two main gates – the South Gate and the North Gate.