
By Debra Johnson
This publication examines the foremost demanding situations dealing with eu enterprise within the early life of the recent millennium. It specializes in the hyperlinks among the approaches of nearby integration and globalization, resulting in a reappraisal of what businesses and policy-makers have to do to safe the competitiveness of the ecu economic climate within the early years of the 21st century. as well as facing traditional european coverage parts equivalent to EMU and pageant coverage, the ebook additionally covers very important matters akin to small and medium sized corporations and the data society, that are usually excluded from books on european coverage and enterprise.
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Extra info for European Business: Policy Challenges for the New Commercial Environment
Example text
8 THE EVOLVING EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT In this context, the integration process reflects decisions made by enterprises and/or public sectors in recognition of interactions and interdependencies. Commercial operators exploiting the changes in their operating environment are a powerful factor driving the process of economic integration. Operators working across borders may find limits upon their preferred level of interaction and may require policy measures which further stimulate the integration process.
This can be regarded as the international equivalent of the ‘informal’ integration referred to by Wallace in the European context. The key question is the extent to which informal integration acts as a driver for the development of formal integration— that is, the development of governance mechanisms which parallel and respond to informal integration on a world scale. Fragmentation, representing a world in which the nation state remains the dominant economic force and the unit of economic governance, is located at the other end of the continuum.
The need to accommodate a full range of interests can seriously impede the realisation of the benefits of integration. Given that it is unlikely that all states will proceed at the same pace towards integration, alternative arrangements are required. This has led to proposals for an ‘a la carte’ or a ‘multi-speed’ Europe. In part, this is to ensure that within whatever political framework is established within Europe, the commercial benefits of the process of integration are not dissipated. In addition, graduated membership offers the potential for further benefits and ensures that slower member states do not hinder the realisation of benefits from the moves towards integration by other states.