By Zoran Morvaj
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13. Tianhe district, Guangzhou. Passive Volume Ratio = 66%. In the two historical urban tissues, Shanghai’s Lilongs on Figure 14 and a Parisian district on Figure 15, there are still some big elements. But they are organised around numerous courtyards of all scales that allow a much better interface with the outside, and a passive volume ratio higher than 80%. 1). Urban scale-free complexity is a way to optimise passive volumes in the urban fabric. Urban complexity is not about scattering numerous small elements, but on the contrary about respecting an adequate scale hierarchy: a small number of big buildings and courtyards, a medium number of medium size elements, and a big number of little elements.
Classical thermodynamics is fundamentally based on reductionist assumptions: any system can be analyzed as the sum of its elements. As authors have been explaining throughout this chapter, this reductionist approach is nothing but adequate for cities. Another reason for this failure is that classical thermodynamics has been developed to analyze closed systems. But cities are mainly driven by external flows: energy flows, material flows, information flows, etc. Cities are not closed systems. Cities exist because of their openness.
Presumed trend of change in accordance with current sustainability policies Since increasing energy efficiency at all levels is by all means the first thing to do, and since it is only natural that the public sector takes the lead, introduction of systematic energy management in all public buildings should be the driver for implementation of transition strategy. This will create necessary capacities in terms of organization, institutions, skills, competencies, awareness, knowledge, IT and energy technologies infrastructure to serve as an implementation platform for furthering the transition strategy towards achievement of its objectives (Figure 17).