By Lev S. Belyaev
With the worldwide call for for strength skyrocketing, during the last two decades many nations have restructured their electrical strength industries, in general relocating from a regulated monopoly to a aggressive marketplace constitution. the result of those reforms fluctuate considerably from kingdom to nation reckoning on the marketplace association version and nationwide stipulations. This booklet examines the restructuring in either built and constructing countries, with specific specialize in the U.S., nice Britain, China, and Russia, and addresses the issues bobbing up from those transitions. The e-book additionally encompasses a entire research of alternative electrical energy industry types and their compatibility with the houses of electrical strength structures and kingdom stipulations. because the such a lot thorough and recent research of the idea and sensible event of electrical energy deregulation, this ebook is a must-read for lecturers, scholars and researchers with an curiosity in electrical strength restructuring. It additionally has direct relevance for engineers, regulators and different selection makers in businesses and governmental organizations all for power issues.
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Additional resources for Electricity Market Reforms: Economics and Policy Challenges
Example text
1 Basic Notions of Microeconomics Macroeconomics and microeconomics are usually distinguished in the theory of economics that studies primarily market economy [34, 40]. There is no clear border between them, and they are interrelated in many ways. However, there are certain differences between them. ) and also international economic relations. It manipulates such economic indices as total production volume, general level of employment, total revenues and expenditures, and general price level. The subject of microeconomics includes individual industries, firms (companies), and households.
Owing to the economies of scale, the regulated natural monopolies were formed in the middle of the twentieth century in the electric power industries of countries with market economies. They ensured a fast growth of electricity consumption and the appropriate expansion of EPSs. There are no reasons to suppose that in the current EPSs the economies of scale have changed into the diseconomies and the electric power industry has ceased to possess properties of a natural monopoly. 3. Interconnection of EPSs yields rather diverse effects that can be estimated one way or another in monetary terms.
In the USSR, for example, planning 24 2 Electric Power Systems, Their Properties, and Specific Features the development of industries was an integrated process that covered various interrelated time periods: perspective planning for 10–15€years, 5€years, and the 1-year plan. , the elaborated development strategies of UPSs and IPSs, feasibility studies on the most crucial issues, and the like. The plans for the development of the power industry suggested providing the national economy with electricity (and heat) on the one hand, and the power industry itself with the required resources including the financial ones on the other hand.