By Professor Donald Pizer PhD
Donald Pizer provides the key serious discussions of yank realism and naturalism from the beginnings of the circulation within the 1870s to the current. He contains the main frequently pointed out discussions starting from William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Frank Norris within the overdue 19th century to these through V. L. Parrington, Malcolm Cowley, and Lionel Trilling within the early 20th century. to supply the total context for the trouble to interpret the character and importance of realism and naturalism in the course of the classes whilst the activities have been dwell matters at the serious scene, despite the fact that, he additionally comprises many uncollected essays. His choices in view that global battle II replicate the most important fresh developments in educational feedback of the movements.Through introductions to every of the 3 sections, Pizer offers historical past, delineating the underlying matters motivating makes an attempt to assault, safeguard, or describe American realism and naturalism. specifically, Pizer makes an attempt to bare the shut ties among feedback of the 2 events and critical cultural matters of the interval within which the feedback seemed. sooner than each one choice, Pizer offers a quick biographical notice and establishes the cultural milieu within which the essay used to be initially released. He closes his anthology with a bibliography of twentieth-century educational feedback of yankee realism and naturalism.
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To Warner, however, the analytic method and an interest in "the worst phases of social life" (36) produced only dull novels of a debased social and ethical character. Lathrop and Warner thus lay out much of the ground for the more widespread and intense argument over realism which was to follow. Indeed, by the mid-1880s, even Henry James, who avoided the use of the term realism in his criticism, nevertheless indirectly alluded to many of the issues in the debate in a number of his essays of the period.
Howells as Critic (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973) and the essays on literary criticism in Donald Pizer, Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature (Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1966). 13. ," Century 25 (November 1882): 25-29. Quoted from William Dean Howells, Selected Literary Criticism, Vol. 1: 1859-1885, ed. Ulrich Halfmann (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1993), 322. 14. See William C. Frierson and Herbert Edwards, "Impact of French Naturalism on American Critical Opinion, 1877-1892," PMLA 63 (1948): 1007-16.
The criticism of those defending a romantic aesthetic is filled with a phraseology conveying the essential religiosity of fiction that meets this standard. Such terms as "idealization of nature" (33) and "reality of the spirit" (108) and above all a constant call for the dominance of "imagination" and the "beautiful'' suggest the nature of this coding. Realism, moreover, is attacked as a literature of the "external" (64), the "photographic" (165), and the "epidermal" (160). Some critics, indeed, did occasionally allude openly to the Christian dualism underlying much of this ostensibly literary discourse.