By Else L. Hambleton
This learn examines situations of fornication, bastardy, and paternity circumstances introduced prior to the courts in Essex County, Massachusetts among 1640 and 1692. Prosecution and conviction charges, sentencing styles, and socio-economic information, in addition to attitudes, have been analyzed to figure out that ladies who bore illegitimate young children have been punished extra seriously than their male companions, and considered with contempt by means of the vast majority of ladies.
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Extra resources for Daughters of Eve: Pregnant Brides and Unwed Mothers in Seventeenth Century Massachusetts (Studies in American Popular History and Culture)
Sample text
Only one in five of women who bore illegitimate children made subsequent marriages untainted by a previous court appearance by one or both of the partners for a sexual offense. Six of these women married men other than the father of their child within a year. All had families living locally who could provide financial incentives to single men to marry their daughters. Rebecca Armitage of Lynn gave birth to an illegitimate son, Benoni, March 15, 1665. Armitage had been her grandmother’s sole heir in 1654.
In two of the instances where the men escaped a whipping, they were of equivalent status to the female defendant. Clearly, as early as the 1640s the Court believed that women bore greater responsibility for engaging in illicit sexual activity and deserved more rigorous punishment. The trend to punish female defendants more severely than their male partners is discernable in the 1650s when the number of women convicted of illegitimate fornication increased to 16. The number of men convicted of fornication in the decade of the 1650s remained constant at one-half of the number of women convicted.
Indentured servants, locked into a fiveto seven-year contract, often in return for their transAtlantic passage, were at the lowest end of the social and economic scale. They were the most vulnerable, since they often possessed no male relatives in Essex County. Also, since a partner would have been required to buy out the remainder of their indenture, the pregnant servant represented a drain on the suitor’s resources, which would not be balanced by a dowry. 20 DAUGHTERS OF EVE Young women who had been orphaned or who came from large families with numerous children and few economic assets with which to dower them were similarly circumstanced.