By Lynne C. Lancaster
This ebook stories six vaulting suggestions hired in structure open air of Rome and asks why they have been invented the place they have been and the way they have been disseminated. many of the suggestions contain terracotta parts in numerous varieties, corresponding to normal flat bricks, hole voussoirs, vaulting tubes, and armchair voussoirs. every one is traced geographically through GIS mapping, the result of that are analysed relating to chronology, geography, and historic context. the most typical development kind within which the innovations seem is the bathtub, demonstrating its value as a catalyst for technological innovation. This publication additionally explores alternate networks, the pottery undefined, and armed forces routine relating to construction development, revealing how architectural innovation used to be encouraged by way of huge ranging cultural elements, lots of which stemmed from neighborhood impacts instead of imperial intervention. extra assets together with large searchable databases with bibliographical facts and colour illustrations to be had at www.cambridge.org/vaulting.
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Extra info for Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire: 1st to 4th Centuries CE
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31 An example of why there was such concern for oversight can be seen in the case of Herodes Atticus who, as corrector of the free cities of Asia in 134/5 CE,32 requested three million drachmas from Hadrian to provide the city of Alexandria Troas with a new aqueduct. Notably, Alexandria Troas was not one of the free cities he was overseeing, but rather was a Roman colony. 33 In the East where competition between cities was rampant, this phenomenon may have been more problematic than in the West.
These mortared rubble vaults preserve large rectangular beam holes at the impost as well as a series of vertical terracotta tubes at the crown. , not in alignment with them; Fig. 6). K. Nohlen has proposed that the tubes were intended to help lower the centering by using ropes controlled 15 INNOVATIVE VAULTING IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 6. Temple of Trajan, Pergamum (117–136 CE). View of substructure chamber. Arrows indicate vertical tubes in the crown of the vault, which are positioned between the rectangular centering holes visible on the right.
2 Pinpointing an invention is difficult in the ancient world, and it may represent the eureka moment or chance discovery of an otherwise unidentified craftsperson. The innovation phase is often more informative because it reveals more about the broader context. 3 The third phase of technological development includes diffusion, the process by which an innovation is spread within society, and with it technology transfer – the spread of skills, knowledge, and processes from one area to another. Both provide insight into the motivating social, economic, and political forces within society.